Comparative Analysis of Energy and GHG Emissions Using Fixed and Variable Fertilization Rates

Reducing the overuse of mineral fertilizers in crop production is a key factor related to healthier soil, food, and more economical, efficient, cleaner agricultural production. The aim this study was investigate compare effects fixed variable rate fertilization with fertilizer consumption, energy environmental impact. A 4-year experimental field using rotation four plants (spring barley, winter oilseed rape, wheat, faba bean) performed. Fertilization phosphorus potassium at were performed applied based on soil properties analyzed before start research completion maps. Nitrogen by additional proximal N-sensor, which gives accurate nitrogen uptake real-time. This followed comparative evaluation analysis variables conventional fixed-rate methods assess impact, economic efficiency. results showed that an application can reduce total amount nitrogen, phosphorus, 24.9%, consumption 3463.1 kg ha?1, emissions greenhouse gases (GHG) 341.5 CO2eq ha?1 compared rate. method reduced costs fertilization, same time, plant €168.0 average.